RULES FOR XEROX & REVALUATION-EXAMINATIONS

No. Exam /Photo & Rev./College/VCD/ 4636 of 2010

Rules and Procedure for providing the Photo/Xerox copies of assessed answer-book/s to the examinee and Process of Revaluation of the Answer-book/s of the examinee who apply for the revaluation

(Examinations Conducted by Colleges / Institutions / Department on behalf

of the University)

WHEREAS, Dr. Vijay V. Khole, the then Hon’ble Vice-Chancellor, University of

Mumbai exercised powers conferred upon him under sub section (8) of section (14) of the

Maharashtra Universities Act, 1994, and issued the directions No. Exam./ VCD/ College

(Rev./Ver.) 1603 / 2005 dated 29th September 2005 in the circumstances more specifically

mentioned therein,

AND

WHEREAS, considering the delay being caused due to the modalities and procedure

of photocopy / revaluation in the affiliated colleges, it was decided to modify the procedure

of issuing xerox copy and revaluating the answer books.

AND

WHEREAS the Board of Examinations at its meeting held on 7th April, 2007 vide

item No. 6, appointed a committee to review the existing revaluation process and to suggest

modifications for making the process more effective and faster,

AND

WHEREAS, the said committee suggested the modifications and recommendations in

that behalf and prepared a revised draft of the Vice-Chancellor’s Directions to that effect

AND

Examinations Section, Mahatma Jotirao Phule Bhavan,Vidyanagari, Kalina,

Santacruz (East), MUMBAI - 400 098

VBS_COE 2/14 College/VCD/4636 of 2010

WHEREAS considering the importance and urgency of the matter and considering the

observation passed by the Hon’ble High Court in (PIL) Writ Petition bearing No. 52 0f 2009

dated 31st August 2009, regarding completion of the process of revaluation expeditiously,

AND

WHEREAS, the said draft is finally approved by the Board of Examinations at it’s

meeting held on 22nd October 2009 vide item No.04,

AND

WHEREAS, making of the new Rules and Regulation in this respect by the

Management Council will take some time,

Now, therefore, I, Dr. Chandra Krishnamurthy holding the charge of the Vice-

Chancellor, University of Mumbai in exercise of powers conferred upon me under sub

section (8) of section (14) of the Maharashtra Universities Act, 1994, hereby issue the

Directions in supersession of the earlier Directions No. Exam./VCD/College / (Rev.

/Ver.)/1603 of 2005 dated. 29th September 2005 as under:-

1. These directions may be called “Rules and procedure for Supply of Photo/Xerox copy

of answer book/s to the examinee and for revaluation of the answer books of the

examinee.”

2. These directions shall come into force from the examinations to be held from the

First Half of the Year 2010,

3. In this directions unless the context otherwise requires :

(a) “Act” means Maharashtra Universities Act, 1994.

(b) “Directions” means a direction issued in accordance with the provisions of

sub-section (8) of section 14 of the Act.

(c) “College” means a college conducted by the University or affiliated to the

University, situated in the University area, including autonomous college,

academic institution/department of higher learning not being a college,

associated with and admitted to the privileges of the University including

autonomous institution, University Institution and recognized institution,

University department of higher learning, research or specialized studies,

Institutes of Distance & Open Learning, recognized to be so by the

University and imparting undergraduate/post-graduate instructions or

guidance for research.

(d) “Principal” means a head of the college {as defined in rule 3(c)}.

(e) “Examinee” means the examinee, who has registered himself for the said

course and appeared for the examination conducted by the college / institution

on behalf of the University during the current session.

(f) “Answer book/s” means the answer book/s used by the examinee/s for

answering the questions of theory paper of the examination.

(g) The “32 (5) (a) Committee” means a committee constituted by the Board of

Examinations in accordance with the provisions of Clause (a) of sub-section

(6) of Section 32 of Maharashtra Universities Act, 1994, in order to appoint

paper-setters, examiners and moderators.

(h) The “32 (6) (a) Committee” means a committee constituted by the Board of

Examinations in accordance with the provisions of Clause (a) of sub-section

(6) of Section 32 of Maharashtra Universities Act, 1994, in order to

investigate and recommend disciplinary action for malpractices and lapses

against the person or persons involved in the malpractices directly or

indirectly.

4. Applying for Photo/Xerox copy of answer book and applying for Revaluation

will be two independent processes.

5. Applying for the Photo/Xerox copy of the answer book or having Photo/Xerox copy

of the answer book shall not be a pre-requisite for applying for revaluation of the

answer book in the said subject.

6. The student can independently apply for revaluation OR Photo/Xerox copy OR both

simultaneously.

PART – I

Rules and Procedure for providing the Photo/Xerox copy/ies of assessed answer-book/s

7. The facility of obtaining Photo/Xerox copy/ies of assessed and/or moderated answer

book/s by the examinee is extended with a view to bring transparency in the

examinations system and ensure its credibility.

8. This facility, thus provided, shall be for theory papers only of all the examinations

conducted by the college / institution on behalf of the University in the current

session.

9. Under these rules applying for the Photo/Xerox copy/ies of answer-books shall not be

permitted in respect of the scripts of practical examination / term-work / sessional

work / project work / dissertation / internal assessment / term work (including theory

part) and in Viva voce /oral / practical examinations. However within seven (7)

working days from the date of declaration of the results or on issue of the

statement of marks by the college the candidate shall be allowed to apply in the

prescribed format for the head wise internal split of his marks obtained at such

examinations along with payment of non-refundable fee of Rs. 100/- by cash or D.D.

drawn in favour of the Principal of the respective college from where the candidate

has registered for the said course; and the provisions of Rule 10 to Rule 24 shall be

applicable mutatis mutandis to the extent they shall be applicable for supply of the

head wise internal split of the marks, except that of applying for revaluation.

10. The Photo/Xerox copy/ies shall be sought by submission of application in the

prescribed form along with the non-refundable fee of Rs.100/- per answer book by the

examinee. The said fee shall be remitted by cash or by D.D. drawn in favour of the

Principal of respective college to which the candidate has registered for the said

course. The examinee/s belonging to reserved categories shall be granted 50%

concession in fee.

11. The prescribed application form for obtaining Photo/Xerox copy/ies of answer book

shall have to be filled and signed by the applicant examinee only and shall be

submitted to the respective college / institution to which the candidate has registered

for the said course within seven (7) working days from the date of the declaration of

result of the examination or issue of the statement of marks by the college /

institution, whichever is later.

12. Incomplete application form shall be rejected without assigning any reason

whatsoever and the fees paid along with the application form shall neither be refunded

nor will any representation be entertained.

Note: a) It will be the responsibility of the Principal of the college to distribute the

statement of marks immediately after the declaration of results.

b) It will also be the responsibility of the student to collect the statement of

Marks from the college and apply for photo/Xerox copy/ies or / and

revaluation within stipulated time.

c) No application after the due date will be entertained on any ground

whatsoever.

13. The Principal will publish the last date of submission of application for photocopy of

each examination on the notice board.

14. The College/Institution/Department shall endeavour to supply Photo/Xerox copy/ies

of answer books as far as possible within fifteen (15) working days from the date of

receipt of application for photo/Xerox copy/ies of the answer book/s.

15. The Principal shall publish the list of students on the college Notice Board, whose

Photo / Xerox copy/ies are ready for delivery in the college.

16. The Photo/Xerox copy/ies shall be handed over to the applicant examinee in person

only and under no circumstances to any other person.

17. While obtaining the Photo/Xerox copy/ies from such respective college the applicant

examinee shall have to produce the original receipt of submission of application form

and to establish his/her identity, to the Principal or the Officer of the college

authorized by him.

18. On receipt of Photo/Xerox copy/ies the applicant examinee shall be the sole custodian

of it and under any circumstances the examinee shall not part with the

custody/possession of the same and also shall not use the same for any other

purpose/s.

19. The Photo/Xerox copy/ies so obtained by the examinee shall be for his/her

exclusive and relevant use. Neither the said examinee nor any other person can use

the said copy to dispute or challenge the quality of assessment or quantum of marks

assigned to the answers therein.

20. If the examinee is found guilty of indulging in any unfair act/attempt he/she shall be

liable to be tried before the Unfair Means Inquiry Committee of the college and the

decision taken by the authorities based on the recommendation of the said committee

shall be final.

21. If his/her indulgence/commission in unfair act/attempt is proved, the examinee shall

be liable for the punishment ranging from: (i) cancellation of his/her marks in the said

subject, either originally granted or granted on revaluation as the case may be, (ii)

annulment of examination/s for a stipulated period of maximum up to 5 examinations,

(iii) cancellation of his/her result of the examination etc.

22. On receipt of the photocopy if the discrepancy of following nature is noticed by the

examinee, he should apply to the Principal in the prescribed form along with the said

photocopy and copy of the question paper within three (03) working days from the

date of publication of the notice by the Principal of the respective college as per the

provisions hereinabove.

i) Mistake in totalling

ii) Non assessment of a question / sub-question if required

After due verification, the Principal of respective college shall make necessary

rectification in the marks allotted to the said subject and consequently in the result of

the candidate without charging any further fee for necessary rectification.

23. On rectification of the result as per the provisions above, the candidate can apply for

revaluation within seven (7) working days from the date of receipt of the rectified

result, if he/she was not eligible to apply for revaluation of the said answer book

under Rule 29 herein below mentioned and only by such rectification becomes

eligible for revaluation in the said subject, subject to other limitations contained

herein.

24. In case of non-assessment of question / sub-question the original assessor or if the

answer- book is moderated the moderator will be called for rectification. It will be

binding on the concern examiner / moderator to attend the call of the Principal of the

respective college and it will also be the responsibility of the Principal of another

college to relieve the concern examiner / moderator to attend the respective College

examination cell on the given date or within four (4) working days if no specific

date is communicated. The concern examiner / moderator will be entitled for only

travelling allowances.

Not attending the call of the respective college within stipulated period will be treated

as misconduct and penalty of Rs. 100/- per day will be imposed on all concerned

and the same shall be recovered from the pay by the Principal of the college or any

other authority responsible to draw the salary on receipt of the intimation from the

Principal of the respective college. On deducting the penalty amount, the Principal of

the college shall remit the same to the Principal of the college where the concerned

examiner was called and the same shall be credited to the Students’ Welfare Account

or the Library Account of the college to which the amount of fine is remitted.

25. The examinee is free to apply for Photo/Xerox copy/ies of answer books of as many

subjects as he / she so desires.

PART- II

Rules and Procedure for the Revaluation of the answer-book/s

26. If the examinee is not satisfied with the marks awarded, he/she may independently

apply for revaluation to the college in the prescribed form within the period and in the

manner prescribed hereinafter, whether or not he/she has applied for Photo/Xerox

copy/ies of the same to the college.

Examinations Section, Mahatma Jotirao Phule Bhavan,Vidyanagari, Kalina,

Santacruz (East), MUMBAI - 400 098

VBS_COE 8/14 College/VCD/4636 of 2010

27. This revaluation facility shall be for theory papers only of all the examinations

conducted by the college on behalf of the University for the respective current

session.

28. The revaluation of answer books shall not be permitted in respect of the marks

awarded to the scripts of practical examination / term work / sessional work / project

Work / dissertation / internal assessment / term work (including theory part) and in

viva voce / oral / practical examinations in the college.

29. A candidate can apply for the revaluation of the answer book of the subject only if

he/she has secured at least 20% of the total marks in that subject or 40% of the marks

required for passing in the said subject, whichever is less or the grade equivalent to

the above criteria where grades are assigned to the theory papers.

30. The prescribed application form for revaluation of answer book can be obtained from

the office of the respective college to which the candidate has registered for the said

course in the current session.

31. The non refundable prescribed fees of Rs. 500/- per subject per answer book for the

purpose of revaluation shall be paid by the examinee. The said fee shall be remitted

by cash or by D.D. drawn in favour of the Principal of respective college to which the

candidate has registered for the said course in the current session. The examinees from

the reserved categories shall be given fifty per cent (50%) concession, provided a

certified copy of the caste certificate is enclosed.

32. The prescribed application form for revaluation of answer book duly filled in and

signed by the applicant examinee only is to be submitted to the concerned college

office along with the statement of marks, prescribed fees as above and question

paper/s for which he/she intends to apply for revaluation, within seven (07) working

days from the date of the declaration of the result of the respective examination or

from the date on which the college issued the statement of marks, whichever is later.

Incomplete form and form not accompanied by relevant documents may be rejected

without assigning any reason whatsoever.

Examinations Section, Mahatma Jotirao Phule Bhavan,Vidyanagari, Kalina,

Santacruz (East), MUMBAI - 400 098

VBS_COE 9/14 College/VCD/4636 of 2010

33. On receipt of the applications for revaluation to the colleges, the subject wise

consolidated information and list of the examiners for the process of revaluation shall

be prepared by the examination committee. The examiners shall be appointed by the

Principal from the approved examiners panel for the process of revaluation.

34. The processing and co-ordination of the revaluation cases will be done by the

examination cell of the concern college.

35. Effect shall be given to the change in original marks on revaluation, as under:

(i) The marks obtained after revaluation shall be accepted by the Principal of

the respective college, if the marks assigned to a paper as a result of revaluation,

increase or decrease in revaluation by ten percent (10 %) or more than the marks

originally obtained by the candidate in the paper without any grace, and in such cases

the marks originally obtained by the candidate in the paper shall be treated as null and

void and the marks obtained by the candidate after revaluation shall be accepted as

the marks obtained in that paper. For the purpose of computing the ten percent (10%)

difference in marks, fractions shall be ignored.

Notwithstanding what is stated above, the marks obtained after revaluation shall be

accepted by the Principal of the respective College, if the candidate gets benefit of

passing the subject/examination or change of class or grade in that paper or in the

overall result at the said examination with or without grace marks under the

provisions of relevant Ordinances or as resolved by the examiners in the said subject.

(ii) Notwithstanding what is contained in clause 38 (i) where the difference

between the marks originally obtained by the candidate in the paper with corrections,

if any, made during the process of revaluation without any grace marks and the marks

obtained after revaluation will be accepted up to twenty five percent (25%) of the

maximum marks assigned to that paper (Ignoring the fractions, if any). If the

difference between the marks originally obtained by the candidate in the paper, if any,

made during the process of revaluation without any grace marks, and marks obtained

after revaluation increase or decrease by twenty five percent (25%) ignoring the

fractions, if any, of the maximum marks assigned to that paper, a second revaluation

Examinations Section, Mahatma Jotirao Phule Bhavan,Vidyanagari, Kalina,

Santacruz (East), MUMBAI - 400 098

VBS_COE 10/14 College/VCD/4636 of 2010

of the said answer books be done by a third examiner from the panel of examiners for

the said subject, in such an event the average marks of the first and second

revaluations shall be accepted by the Principal of the respective college as the final

marks for the said subject.

(iii) An answer book shall be sent for second revaluation to another senior

examiner appointed by the Principal of the college if on the first revaluation a

candidates marks are decreased below the passing marks or the marks required for

securing a class from originally secured marks required for passing or for the

particular class and the marks assigned by the third examiner in the second

revaluation be treated as the final marks in the said subject.

(iv) The revised marks obtained by a candidate after revaluation, as accepted

by the Principal of the respective college shall be taken into account for the purpose

of amendment of his results only and the said result shall be communicated to the

student/s by the Principal of the respective college.

(v) It is mandatory to send the copy of the revaluation result by the

Principal of respective colleges to the Controller of Examinations, University of

Mumbai for information.

36. The Principals of the other Colleges shall be bound to make available the teachers

required for revaluation on top priority basis on the day and date communicated by

the Principal of the College, in which the revaluation work is to be carried out.

37. It will be mandatory on the part of the teachers of the colleges to attend the

revaluation work on top priority basis. If any teacher fails to comply with the orders,

it shall be treated as misconduct and such teacher shall be liable for disciplinary

action. If the Principal of the college without any due and sufficient reasons, Head of

the Department fails to relieve the teacher for revaluation or teacher fails to attend the

work of revaluation, penalty of Rs.100/- per day will be imposed on all concerned

and the same shall be recovered from the pay by the Principal or any other authority

responsible to draw the salary and the same shall be credited to the Students’ Welfare

Account or the Library Account of the college.

38. The remuneration for examiner/s appointed shall be paid at the rate of Rs. 20/- per

answer book and Rs. 120/- as travelling allowances per day, or the lump sum of Rs.

320/- shall be paid if number of answer books is less than 10 (Ten). The examiner/s

from the same college shall not be entitled for the travelling allowance.

39. The answer books already revaluated shall not be moderated or further rerevaluated,

unless so directed by the Vice-Chancellor, in exceptional cases.

40. The whole process of revaluation shall be completed as far as possible within a

period of thirty (30) days from the date of receipt of the application for revaluation

by the college / institution.

41. THE PHOTO COPY/COPIES OF THE REVALUATED ANSWER-BOOK/S

SHALL NOT BE PROVIDED TO THE EXAMINEES.

42. Pending the process of revaluation, and subject to the availability of the seats in the

college, the student may be admitted to the next higher class to which he could have

been admitted if he/she had passed in the said examination or had been granted

A.T.K.T. for admission to the next class in the original examination as per the rules

applicable for the stream and faculty of his education, as per the following norms:

(i) The student may be admitted to the next higher class to which he could

have been admitted if he/she had passed in the said examination or had been

granted A.T.K.T. for admission to the next class in the original examination as

per the rules applicable for the stream and faculty if he/she had originally

obtained required passing marks in the papers in which he/she had applied for

revaluation,

(ii) The college shall be entitled to charge fees of Rs. 500/- at the time of

granting admission to such students to the next class before declaration of the

result of the revaluation,

(iii) Such admission shall be provisional; and automatically stands cancelled

on receipt of the result of revaluation process, if the student is not declared

passed in the requisite number of the subjects on revaluation which would

entitle him/her to take admission in the next higher class, and in such case the

fees originally collected by the college or any part of the same shall not be

refunded,

43. In case if the student is declared to have passed in the requisite number of the subjects

on revaluation which would entitle him/her to take admission in the next higher class

as per the Ordinances / regulations, the provisional admission will be regularized.

(i) In case of the reserved category students or other students who are entitled

to get fee concession, on appropriating the amount equal to the amount of fees

which the college can collect from the student and the balance amount shall

be refunded to the student at the time of confirmation and continuation of

his/her admission.

(ii) In case of other students, the said amount shall be deducted from the total

fees which the college or the institution is entitled to collect from the student

as per the rules applicable.

44. Pending the declaration of the result of the revaluation, the students who have taken

admission to next higher class, as mentioned above, shall be allowed to appear at the

examination to the next class and their results of the next examinations shall be

declared only on their passing in the requisite number of the subjects on revaluation

which would entitle them to take admission in the next class; and in case the students

does not succeed in passing in such requisite number of subjects, their admission to

the examinations of the next class, their performance and results of the same shall be

treated as null and void.

45. Examiners and / or moderators, if found careless in the original assessment, the

appropriate action will be taken as per the rules and regulations of the University.

46. The Controller of Examinations will prescribe the detailed office / administrative

procedure.

This VCD shall come into force with immediate effect i.e. from the examination of

First Half 2010 and shall remain in force till new rules and regulations in pursuant to the

subject matters dealt with in this VCD are made by the appropriate authorities.

cover page of book on blogging published by K M AGRAWAL COLLEGE,KALYAN(W)

MPSC

मराठी – अनिवार्य

(विषय सांकेतांक -००१)

दर्जा : उच्च माध्यमिक शालांत परीक्षा	एकूण गुण : २००
प्रश्नपत्रिकेचे स्वरुप : पारंपारिक	कालावधी : ३ तास

सूचना :  प्रस्तुत प्रश्नपत्रिकेचा उद्देश उमेदवाराचे भाषिक ज्ञान, अभिव्यक्ती, आकलनक्षमता, लेखन आणि संवाद कौशल्याच्या जाणिवांचा स्तर पडताळणे हा आहे.

अ.क्र.	घटक	गुण
१)	लेखन ( १२० गुण ) :
	अ) निबंध (सुमारे ५०० शब्दांचा ) वैचारिक / वर्णनात्मक / कल्पनापर / आत्मकथनपर आणि समकालीन ज्वलंत समस्या या प्रकारचे  निबंध असतील, त्यापैकी एकच निबंध लिहिणे अपेक्षित आहे.	३०
	ब)  १) पत्रव्यवहार / अर्ज (मागणीपत्र / तक्रारपत्र / विनंतीपत्र )	१०
	२) अहवाल लेखन / वृत्तांत लेखन	१०
	३)पत्रकार परिषद (उर्जा, कृषी कर्ज, जलसिंचन इत्यादी समस्यांबाबत) किंवा नोकरीसाठी मुलाखत	१०
	४) निमंत्रण - पत्रिका अथवा कार्यक्रम - पत्रिका तयार करणे	१०
	५) शुभेच्छा / अभिनंदन पत्र	१०
	६) प्रसार माध्यमासाठी आवाहन / निवेदन तयार करणे	१०
	७) औपचारिक भाषणे तयार करणे (स्वागत, निरोप, उद्धाटनपर व इतर )	१०
	८) संवादकौशल्य.
	अ) दोन व्यक्तींमधील संवाद	१०
	ब) गटचर्चा/सभेचे कामकाज (पाणी प्रश्न, कृषी समस्या, कुटुंबकल्याण,ग्राम स्वच्छता इत्यादी )	१०
२)	आकलन (४० गुण )
	अ) इंग्रजी उता-याचे सुबोध मराठीत भाषांतर करणे.	१०
	ब) सारांश लेखन – १ / ३ शब्दात सारांश लेखन करुन शीर्षक देणे.	१०
	क) प्रमाणित भाषेतील उता-यावरील प्रश्नांची उत्तरे लिहिणे.	१०
	ड) दिलेल्या उता-यातील आशय सरळ व सोप्या भाषेत लिहिणे.	१०
३)	व्याकरण ( ४० गुण ) :
	अ) शब्दांच्या जाती ( शब्दांच्या जाती ओळखणे )	१०
	ब) वाक्यप्रकार ( मिश्र, संयुक्त, साधे / केवल )	१०
	क) काळ (वर्तमान, भूत, भविष्य )	१०
	ड) वाक्यप्रचार व म्हणी	०६
	इ) परिभाषिक शब्द ( इंग्रजी परिभाषिक शब्दांना मराठी पर्यायी शब्द देणे )	०४

English (Compulsory)

( Subject Code : 003 )

	Standard  : H.S.C.				Total Marks : 200
	Nature of Paper : Conventional Type				Duration : 3 Hours
1)			Essay : The candidates are expected to write a narrative or a descriptive essay on one of the given topics in about 300 words.  It is intended to judge the candidate's knowledge of the topic, manner of presentation and also competence in using correct English.			(Marks : 30)
2)			Letter writing : The candidates will be asked to write two types of letters, i.e. an informal letter to parents/ to a friend and a formal letter – an official/ business letter or a letter to the editor of a newspaper on a given topic in about 100 words. The candidate will be judged for content, manner of presentation and observance of the formal requirements of letter writing.			(Marks : 20)
3)			Communication Skills : The candidates are expected to write on each of the following communicative activities (in about 100-150 words). The purpose is to judge the candidate's ability to communicate effectively in different cont1exts:  a)  A report of an event or a function or official work done. b) A notice or an appeal or a warning or a Press Release for the Media (Radio, T.V., Press). c) (i)Dialogue writing : A dialogue between two persons or an    appeal or a discussion on a topical issue. (ii)     Speeches : formal speeches–welcome/send-off/inaugural speech etc. (d) An individual conversation with a group of people -- (1)   at a Job Interview. (2)   at a Press Conference. (3)    with a delegation (4)   at a project site --  e.g.: (i) camps being constructed for cattle in a drought-affected area, (ii) temporary shelters being constructed for earthquake-affected people. (5)  at a place where some problematic situation has occurred -- e.g.: natural calamities like floods, earthquakes etc.  (e) A Group Discussion, a Meeting, a Teleconference on a topical issue.			(Marks : 50)
4)			Precis-writing : A passage of about 300 words will be given for precis-writing. The candidates are expected to reduce the passage to one-third of its original length in their own words.  The purpose of precis-writing is to judge the candidate’s ability to comprehend, analyse and summarise the main ideas in the passage in their own words to  one-third of the given number of words therein.			(Marks : 20)
5)			Comprehension : A passage of about 300 words will be given with a set of questions based thereon.  The purpose of the activity is to assess the candidate's competence in understanding and answering questions based on the passage.			(Marks : 20)
6)			Paraphrase of a Prose Passage : A prose passage of about 300 words will be given to be paraphrased in order to judge the candidate’s ability to understand, analyse and express clearly and in simple language the ideas in the passage in his/her own words.			(Marks : 20)
7)			Grammar : i) Transformation of Sentences, ii) Correction of Sentences,iii)  Use of Tenses, iv)Punctuation,  v)  Word-formation, vi)  Use of Phrases.			(Marks : 40)

General Studies – I (Compulsory)

( Subject Code : 008 )

Standard  : Degree	Total Marks : 200
Nature of Paper : Conventional Type	Duration : 3 Hours

Note:		1)		Answers to this paper must be written either in English or in Marathi.
		2)		The Nature and standard of questions in the paper will be such that a well educated person will be able to answer without any specialised study and its intention is to test candidate’s general awareness of a variety of subjects.
		3)		This paper will test the candidate’s ability to comprehend, to analyse, to criticise subject matter related to the topics/sub topics mentioned below.
		4)		It is expected from candidates to study the latest and recent developments and happenings pertaining to the topics/sub topics mentioned below.
Section - A  (Marks : 40 )
1)	History:
	.01)		Brief history of Maharashtra:Socio-cultural development during the following regimes-Satvahanas-Vakatakas-Chalukyas-Rashtrakutas-Shilahars-Yadavas–Muslim regimes and Marathas.
	.02)		History of Modern India (1818-1857) particularly Maharashtra: Introduction of modern education - Press, Railway, Post and Telegraph, Industries, Land reforms and Socio-religious reforms – Its impact on society.
	.03)		Social and economic awakening: Indian Nationalism - 1857 revolt and after, Indian National Congress (1885 - 1947), Role of important personalities, Role of Press and Education in social awakening in pre- independent India.
	.04)		The other contemporary movements during pre-independence: Satyashodhak Samaj - Dr. B.R.Ambedkar's Movement - Hindu Mahasabha- Muslim League - National Revolutionary Movement - Leftist Movement – Peseant Movement - Tribal uprising.
	.05)		Post Independence development: Integration of princely states, formation of Linguistic states, Samyukta Maharashtra movement major political parties and personalities involved therein, Major developments and personalities during 1960-1990.
	.06)		Cultural Heritage of Maharashtra (Ancient to Modern) : Performing Arts (Dance, Drama, Films, Music and Folk Arts), Visual Arts (Architecture, Painting and Sculpture) and Festivals.
	.07)		Impact of Literature on socio - psychological development of Maharashtra:  Bhakti, Dalit, Urban and Rural Literature.
Section – B  ( Marks : 40 )
2)	Geography of India – with special reference to Maharashtra :
	.01)		Location and extent - India's strategic location with reference to her neighbours, Indian Ocean Rim, Asia and the World.
	.02)		Physical Geography: Evolution of the Subcontinent - Major physiographic regions - Problems of floods and river pollution - Physiographic details of Maharashtra. a) Climate: Distribution of Rainfall. Rainfall in Maharashtra - spatial and temporal variability - Agroclimatic zones of Maharashtra - Problem of Drought and scarcity, DPAP (Draught Prone Area Programme) –Water requirement in Agricultural, Industrial and Domestic Sectors. Problem of Drinking Water.  b)  Soils - problems of soil erosion and degradation in Maharashtra. c)   Natural Vegetation and wild life - Forest types in India and Indian wild life - National Parks – Sanctuaries in Maharashtra - Tiger Project.
	.03)		Economic Geography: Minerals and Energy Resources : There distribution, importance and development inMaharashtra.  Tourism in Maharashtra - Religious, Medicinal, Eco-Tourism and Cultural Heritage.
	.04)		Human and Social Geography: Distribution of population. Migration of population - effects of migration on source and destination areas.Rural settlements in Maharashtra.Problems of Urban and Rural Settlements – Environmental, Housing, Slum, Water Supply and Sanitation, Urban Traffic and Pollution.
Section – C  ( Marks : 40)
3)	Indian Polity (With special Reference to Maharashtra) :
	.01)		The Constitution of India: Making of the Constitution - Philosophy of the Preamble - Salient Features of the Constitution (Secular democratic and socialist) - Fundamental Rights and Duties - Directive Principles of State Policy such as Free and Compulsory primary education, Uniform Civil Code - Centre - State relations and Formation of New States - Independent Judiciary - Amendment Procedure : Major Amendments to the Constitution : Landmark Judgments used for interpreting the Constitution. Structure and Functions of major Commissions and Boards: Election Commission, Union and State Public Service Commissions, National Women's Commission, Human Rights Commission, National Minorities S.C./S.T. Commission - River Water Dispute Settlements Board etc.
	.02)		The Political System (Structure, Powers and Functions of Governments) :
			a)   The Central Government - The Union Executive: President- Vice-President - Prime Minister and Council of Ministers - Attorney General of India - Comptroller and Auditor General of India b)   The Union Legislature - Parliament, Speaker and Dy. Speaker - Parliamentary Committees - Parliament's Control over Executive. c)   Judiciary: Organisation of Judiciary - Integrated Judiciary - Functions - Role and Power of the Supreme Court and High Court - Subordinate Courts – Lok Pal, Lok Aayukt and Lok Nyayalaya - Judiciary as a watch-dog protecting the Constitutional Order- Judicial Activism. d)   The State Government: The State Executive - Governor - Chief Minister and the Council of Minister - Role, Functions and Powers - The State Legislature - Legislative Assembly - Legislative Council - Compositions - Powers, Functions and Role - Legislative Committees. e)   The Local Governments : (1)   Urban - Municipal Corporations, Municipal councils, Municipalities, Nagarpanchayat and Cantonment Boards. Structure, Officials, Resources, Powers- Functions and Controls. (2)   Rural - Panchayat Raj System - Zilla Parishad, Taluka Panchayat and Village Panchayat - Structure - Officials - Resources - Powers- Functions and Controls (3)   Significance of 73rd and 74th Amendment to the Constitution. (4)  Empowerment of local government and their role in development.
	.03)		Parties and Pressure Groups: Nature of Party system - Role of National Parties - Ideology, organisation and electoral performance - Regional Parties - Ideology, Organisation and electoral performance - Major Pressure Groups and Interest Groups in Maharashtra - their Role and impact on Policy making.
	.04)		The Media: Print and Electronic Media - its impact on policy making, shaping of the public opinion and educating the people.
	.05)		The Electoral Process: Main features of Electoral process - single member territorial Constituencies. Reserved constituencies for weaker sections - Adult Franchise - Role of Election Commission - General Elections - Major trends – Patterns of Voting behaviour - and Factors influencing the voting behaviour - Problems and difficulties in conducting Free and Fair Elections - Electoral Reforms.
	.06)		Challenges and Responses to Indian Democracy: Social and Economic inequalities – Regional imbalances - illiteracy and unemployment.
Section - D ( Marks : 40 )
4)	Human Resource Development  (HRD) :
	.01)		Human Resource Development in India - Present status of population in India - quantitative aspect (size and growth - Sex, Age, Urban and Rural) and qualitative aspects (Education and Healthcare).  Population policy and projection upto 2050.  Importance and need of Human Resource planning in modern society. Components and factors involved in planning of Human Resources.  Nature, types and problems of unemployment in India, Trends of Employment in India, Demand estimate of skilled manpower in different Sectors and Areas.  Governmental and Voluntary Institution engaged in development of manpower e.g. NCERT, NIEPA, UGC, OpenUniversities, AICTE, ITIs, NCVT, IMC etc. Problems and issues related to HRD. Govt. employment policy, various schemes to reduce unemployment and underemployment.
	.02)		Education: Education as a tool of HR development and social change. Education (Pre-primary to Higher Education) system in India. Problems and issues (Universalisation of education, vocationalisation of education.  Quality improvement, Dropout etc.) Education for - Girls, Socially and Economically underprivileged classes, Handicapped, Minorities, Talent Search etc.  Govt. policies, Schemes and programms for Education, Govt. and Voluntary Agencies involved in promoting, regulating and monitoring Formal, Non- formal and Adult education. e-Learning.  Impact of globalisation and privatisation on Indian education.
	.03)		Vocational Education: As a tool of HR development.  Vocational/Technical Education- Present status, systems and training in India particularly in Maharashtra. Govt. policies, schemes and programs – Problems, issues and efforts to overcome them. Institutes involved in promoting, regulating, accrediting vocational and Technical Education.
	.04)		Health: As an essential and major component of HRD, Vital Statistics, World Health Organisation (WHO) - objectives, structure, functions and its programmes. Govt. Health policies, schemes and programmes, Healthcare system in India.  Problems and issues related to Healthcare and efforts to overcome them.
	.05)		Rural Development: Empowerment of panchayat Raj system.  Village Panchayat and its role in Rural development, Land reforms and development, Role of cooperative institutes in Rural Development, Financial Institutes involved in Rural Development, Rural Employment Schemes, Rural Water Supply and Sanitation programs. Infrastructure development e.g. Energy, Transportation, Housing and communication in rural area.
Section - E ( Marks : 40 )
5)	Human Rights : Concept –Universal Declaration of Human Rights (UDHR 1948)- International human rights standards, Its reflections in Indian constitution, mechanism to enforce and protect Human Rights in India, Human Rights Movement in India, Problems related to human rights deprivations such as poverty, illiteracy, unemployment, social-cultural-religious practices, violence, corruption, terrorism, exploitation of labour, custodial crimes etc.). Need, for training and practising of human rights and human dignity in a democratic set up.
6)	Socio-Economic development of following segments of the society :
	.01)		Child Development: problems and issues (Infant mortality, Malnutrition, Child labour, Children education etc.) - Government Policies, welfare schemes and programs - Role of international agencies, Voluntary Organisations Community resources. People participation in their Welfare.
	.02)		Women Development - problems and issues (Gender inequality, Violence against women, Girl child Infanticide/Foeticide, Empowerment of Women etc.)- Government Policy, schemes and programs for development / welfare and empowerment - Role of international agencies, Voluntary Organisations and Community resources. People’s participation in their development.
	.03)		Youth Development: problems and issues (Unemployment, unrest, drug addiction etc.) - Government Policy - development schemes and programs - Role of international agencies, Voluntary Organisations and Community resources. People’s participation in their development.
	.04)		Tribal Development: problems and issues (Malnutrition, isolation, integration and development etc.) - Tribal movement - Government Policy, welfare schemes and programs- Role of international agencies, Voluntary Organisations and Community resources. People’s participation in their Welfare.
	.05)		Development for Socially deprived classes ( SC, OBC etc. ) - problems and issues (inequality in opportunity etc.) - Government Policy, welfare schemes and development programs - Role of international agencies, Voluntary Organisations and Resource mobilsation and Community participation.
	.06)		Welfare for aged People- problems and issues - Government Policy - welfare schemes and programs - Role of international agencies, Voluntary Organisations and Community participation for their development. Utilisation of their services in developmental activities.
	.07)		Labour Welfare - problems and issues (working conditions, wages, health and problems related to organised and unorganised sectors)  - Government Policy, welfare schemes and programs - Role of international agencies, community and Voluntary Organisations.
	.08)		Welfare of disabled persons - problems and issues (inequality in educational and employment opportunity etc.) - Government Policy, welfare schemes and programs - Role of international agencies, Voluntary Organisations in employment and rehabilitation.
	.09)		People’s Rehabilitations - (People affected by Development projects and Natural Calamities.) – Strategy and programs – Legal Provisions – Consideration of different aspects like economic, cultural, social, psychological etc.
7)	Globalisation and its impact on different sections of Indian Society.
8)	Consumer Protection: Salient features of the existing act- Rights of consumers- Consumer disputes and redressal machinery, Different kinds of Forums-   Objectives, Powers, functions, procedures, Consumer Welfare Fund.
9)	Values and Ethics : Fostering of social norms, values, ethics through formal and informal agencies such as family, religion, education, media etc.

General Studies – II

( Subject Code: 009 )

Standard : Degree	Total Marks : 200
Nature of Paper : Conventional Type	Duration : 3 Hours

Note :	1)	Answers to this paper must be written either in English or in Marathi.
	2)	The Nature and standard of questions in the paper will be such that a well educated person will be able to answer without any specialised study and its intention is to test candidate’s general awareness of a variety of subjects.
	3)	This paper will test the candidate’s ability to comprehend, to analyse, to criticise subject matter related to the topics/sub topics mentioned below.
	4)	It is expected from candidates to study the latest and recent developments and happenings pertaining to the topics/sub topics mentioned below.

Section - A ( Marks : 40 )
India in World Affairs
1)	Foreign Policy of India :
	.01)	Basic Principles, Objectives, and Determinants of foreign policy.
	.02)	India and Neighbours: Conflict and Co-operation.
	.03)	India and Indian Ocean.
	.04)	Foreign Economic Policy of India: Aid, Trade and economic cooperation.
2)	Nuclear Policy of India :
	.01)	Salient features.
	.02)	Determinants of Nuclear Tests: Pokhran I (1974) and Pokhran II (1998)
	.03)	Recent Trends in Nuclear Policy such as NPT (Nuclear Non-Proliferation Treaty) and CTBT (Comprehensive Test Ban Treaty.)
3)	India's External and Internal Security Concerns :
	.01)	Terrorism, Insurgency, Regional and Sub-regional conflicts; Socio-economic imbalances; Naxalite Movements, Separatist Movements, Communal Violences and Caste Conflicts.
	.02)	Law Enforcement Mechanism and Judiciary. a)     Existing Laws and Regulations with reference to Maharashtra. b)     Intelligence and Security Agencies. c)     Treaties of Extradition and Interpol.
4)	International Affairs and Institutions :
	.01)	Emerging important issues and events in international relations (1990 onwards) Political, Strategic and Economic : considerations.
	.02)	Regional and International Institutions: a)    SAARC, ASEAN, NAM, Commonwealth of Nations and European Union. b)   United Nations System: Its Charter and Organs, (General Assembly, Security Council, Economic and Social Council and International Court of Justice) c)   UN Agencies: UNCTAD, UNESCO, UNDP, UNICEF, UNHCR, UN Peace Keeping Forces, UNCHR, ILO and WHO.
Section – B ( Marks : 40 )
Indian Economy, Planning, Trade, Rural Development
5)	Planning : Process - Types - Review of India's First to Tenth Five year Plans.  Evaluation. Social and Economic Indicators of Development.  State and Local Level Planning.  Decentralisation  - 73rd and 74th Constitutional Amendments. Indian Economy - trends in Sectoral Development and profile of service Sector. Challenges in Indian Economy - Poverty, Unemployment and Regional Imbalances.
6)	Urban and Rural Infrastructure Development: Need and Significance.  Growth and Development of Social and economic infrastructure such as Energy, Water supply and sanitation, Housing, Transport (Road, Ports etc.)  Communications (Post and Telegraphs, Telecommunication), Network of Radio, TV, Internet.  Crises, problems related to Infrastructure in India.  Policy alternatives - Public-Private Sector Partnership.  FDI and Infrastructure Development - Privatisation of infrastructure development.  Centre and State Government Policies for Infrastructure Development.  Transport and Housing (Urban and Rural). Problems - Centre and State Government initiatives and programmes.
7)	Industry : Need - importance and role of industries in economic and social development, Growth Pattern, Structure of Large-scale Industries in India with special reference to Maharashtra. Small-scale, Cottage and Village industries Problems Prospects of Small scale, cotage and village industry. Impact of liberalisation, privatisation and globalisation on SSIs.  State Government Policy, measures and programmes for development, promotion and monitoring of SSIs (with special reference to Maharashtra) Export Potential of Small scale and cottage industries.
8)	Co-operation: Concept, Meaning, Objectives, Old and new principles of co-operation.  Growth and diversification of co-operative movement in India. Co-operative institution in Maharashtra – types, role, importance and diversification. State policy and Co-operative sector - Legislation, Supervision, Audit and Aid.  Problems of Co-operatives in Maharashtra.  Prospects of Cooperatives in the era of global competition.
9)	Economic reforms: Background, Liberalisation, Privatisation and Globalisation – (concept, meaning, scope and limitations). Economic Reforms at Centre and State Level.  WTO Regime - Provisions and its implications and impact on Indian Economy, issues and problems.
10)	International Trade and International Captial Movements: Emerging Trends in era of globalisation.  Growth, Composition and Direction of India's Foreign Trade. Foreign trade policy of India - Export Promotion.  WTO and International Trade. Foreign Capital Inflows - Composition and Growth - FDI. e-Commerce.  Role of Multinationals - International Financing Agencies – (IMF, World Bank and IDA).  International Credit Ratings.
11)	Public Finance: Sources of revenue - tax, non-tax and public debt of Centre and States in India. Public Expenditure (Centre and States) - Growth and causes. Public Expenditure Reform - Performance Based Budgeting and Zero - Based Budgeting.  review of  Tax Reforms at national and State level. VAT. Public debt - Growth, Composition and Burden.  Problem of States' Indebtedness to Centre. Fiscal Deficits - Concepts, Control of Deficits - Centre, State and RBI Initiatives. Fiscal Reforms in India - Review at Centre and State Level.
Section - C ( Marks : 40 )
Natural Resource Development
12)	Agriculture: Importance of Agriculture in National Economy - Causes of low productivity - Government policies, schemes and programmes for agriculture production and developments such as land reforms and land utilisation, soil and water conservation, rainfed farming, Irrigation and its methods, Agriculture inputs (improved seeds, Fertilizers and Manures, Pest Management, Mechanization of Agriculture). Problem of rural indebtedness, Agriculture credit- need, importance and Financial Institutions involved therein. Agriculture pricing- components, factors affecting prices of various Agriculture produces - Govt. support prices of various agriculture produces, Subsidies. Agriculture Marketing - present status, Value added products.  Role of Govt and its institutes in agriculture marketing.
13)	Animal Husbandry and Dairy Development: Its role, importance and significance in National Economy, Livestock in India particularly in Maharashtra, Govt policies, schemes and programmes for livestock development including livestock breeds, feeds and fodder, Healthcare - Role of milk, meat and poultry products in human nutrition, White Revolution, Co-operative dairy enterprises in Maharashtra.
14)	Development of fisheries:  Its role and significance in national economy, scope and development of fisheries in India and particularly in Maharashtra, Causes of low productivity and Govt efforts to overcome it, export of marine products.
15)	Horticulture: Importance and scope of fruit and plantation crops with reference to Maharashtra, Role of fruits and vegetables in human nutrition, Major fruit Plants, vegetable crops and flower plants of Maharashtra, Horticultural crops suitable for dryland and rainfed condition. Problems and its solutions of low productivity. Processing, packaging, transportation, marketing of Horticultural Products. Government schemes and programs for Horticulture development and marketing, Government Agencies and Institutes engaged in Horticulture development.
16)	Forestry: Its role in enhancing the quality of environment, Causes and effects of deforestation, Problems and issues related to forestry - Government policies and afforestration programmes (Social forestry, Agroforestry), Utilisation of forest products, Role of Government, Voluntary Organisation and local community in forest development.
17)	Food and Nutrition: Food - trends in Food production and consumption in India, First and ensuing second Green Revolutions, Self-sufficiency in food, Problem of food security, Problems and issues of storage, procurement, distribution, import and export of food. Calorific value of foods and its measurement, Energy and nutrient needs of human body for better health and balanced diet - common nutritional problems in India and its causes and effects, Govt. Policies, schemes, programs such as PDS, Food for work, Mid-day Meal Scheme and other nutritional programs.
Section - D ( Marks : 40 )
Scientific and Technological Developments
18)	Energy: Conventional and non-conventional energy sources - Potential of Solar, Wind, Biogas, Biomass, Geothermal and other renewable energy sources. Introduction to solar gadgets viz solar cooker, water heater etc. Biogas- principle, and process. Problems of Energy Crises, Govt. Policies and programs for power generation. Nuclear Power Program, Thermal Power Program, Hydroelectric Power program, Power distribution and National Grid. Agencies and Institutions engaged in Energy security, Research and development.
19)	Computer: Role of computer in modern society,  its applications in various spheres of life such as data communication, networking and web technologies, Cyber crime and its prevention.
20)	Information Technology: as a new industry - use of I.T. in various services and faculties of knowledge. Growth and present status of I.T. industry in India, Govt. programs such as Media Lab Asia, Vidya Vahini, Gyan Vahini, Community Information Centre etc. Major issues in IT industry - its prospects.
21)	Space Technology: Indian space programmes, Artificial satellites - types and applications, Indian Artificial satellites for telecommunication, television, education, broadcasting, weather forecasting, GPS, disaster warning. Indian missile program etc. Remote sensing, GIS and its application in weather forecasting, Disaster warning, water, soil, mineral resources development, agriculture and fisheries development, urban planning, ecological studies, GS and GIS.
22)	Water Resources: Significance of water in human & national development, National and State Water Policy, Water Resources - potential, planning and development in India particularly in Maharashtra,  Intrastate and Interstate River water disputes, Various irrigation projects, National programme of flood management, Groundwater development in India particularly in Maharashtra. National and State Agencies engaged in water resource development and research.
23)	Ocean Development: Role of the seas in climatic changes and monsoon in India, Marine living and non-living resources development, causes and effect of sea pollution and coastal degradation, Coastal and Marine Area Management, CRZ Regulation, Coastal Community Development.  Govt. programs and activities for ocean resources development, Ocean observing and research.
24)	Meteorology: Earth atmosphere - its composition, extent and structure. Atmospheric weather variables (Parameters), Weather forecasting system, cloud formation and movement - Monsoon model - crop yield model.
25)	Environment: Ecosystems - Biodiversity and balance ecosystem - Biosphere Reserve (wetlands, mangroves coral reefs). Pollution: Types and sources, its impact on environment and related problems, Govt. efforts to prevent and control of pollution, Govt. legislation and programs. Sustainable development in field of agriculture, industry, urban habitant, etc. Govt. and Voluntary agencies engaged in Environmental protection activities at national and international level.
26)	Biotechnology: Its potential to improve human life and national economy through agricultural, industrial development and employment generation. Biotechnology as an essential and important tool of natural resource development. Areas of application - Agriculture, Animal breeding and Veterinary health-care, Pharmaceutics, Human healthcare, Food technology, energy generation, environment protection etc. Role and efforts of government in promoting, regulating and developing biotechnology in country.  Ethical, Social, Legal issues related to biotechnological development, possible adverse effects of biotechnological development.
Section – E ( Marks : 40 )
Statistical Analysis, Graphs and Diagrams
27)	Classification and Tablulation of Data given in descriptive form.
28)	Computation and interpretation of Mean, Median, Mode of Data given.
29)	Conversion of Tabular data / information in a) Diagram - Venn, bar, Pie diagram. b) Graph - Line graph, Histogram, Polygon.
30)	Interpretation of Data / Information given in Tabular and Diagramatic / Graphical Form.
31)	Pointing out deficiencies, limitations, in consistencies in the given Data.
32)	To prepare Algorithm and Flow chart for solving simple problems in organisation.

Zoology

(Subject Code : 609)

Paper - I

Standard :  Degree	Total Marks : 200
Nature of Paper : Conventional Type	Duration : 3 Hours

Note:	1)	Answers to this paper must be written in English only.
	2)	This paper will test the candidate’s ability to comprehend, to analyse, to interpret, to criticise and to appraise subject matter related to the topics/sub topics mentioned below.
	3)	It is expected from candidates to study the latest and recent developments and happenings pertaining to the topics/sub topics mentioned below.

Section - A ( Marks : 50 )
Non-Chordata
1)	Concept of species and speciation
2)	Characteristics of the subkingdoms-Protozoa, Parazoa and Metazoa.
3)	Evolution of symmetry, segmentation and coelom in Metazoa.
4)	Protozoa :
	.01)	Locomotion in Protozoa.
	.02)	Reproduction in Protozoa.
	.03)	Life cycle of Leishmania.
	.04)	Life cycle of Plasmodium.
	.05)	Life cycle of Paramoecium.
	.06)	Parasitic protozoans and diseases.
5)	Porifera :
	.01)	Canal Systems.
	.02)	Skeleton.
6)	Coelenterata :
	.01)	Structure and life history of Obelia, Metagenesis.
	.02)	Polymorphism in Coelenterates.
	.03)	Coral reefs and their significance.
7)	Platyhelminthes and Aschelminthes :
	.01)	Life Cycle of Fasciola hepatica.
	.02)	Life Cycle of Taenia solium.
	.03)	Life Cycle of Ascaris.
	.04)	Parasitic adaptations.
	.05)	Pathology and control of helminths - infecting man.
8)	Annelida :
	.01)	Earthworm - Feeding and digestion, circulatory system, excretory system.
	.02)	Coelom and coelomoducts in annelids.
	.03)	Filter feeding.
9)	Arthropoda :
	.01)	Salient features and phylogeny of Onychophora.
	.02)	Crustacean larvae.
	.03)	Mouth parts in insects (cockroach, mosquito, honey bee and butterfly).
	.04)	Metamorphosis in insects.
	.05)	Social life in termites and honey bees.
10)	Mollusca :
	.01)	Salient features and phylogeny of Monoplacophora.
	.02)	Torsion and detortion in Gastropoda.
	.03)	Respiration in various groups of Mollusca.
11)	Echinodermata :
	.01)	Water canal system in Echinodermata.
	.02)	Echinoderm larvae and their phylogenetic significance.
	.03)	Mechanism of locomotion and feeding in starfish, Asterias.
Section - B ( Marks : 50 )
Chordata
12)	Protochordata :
	.01)	Structural organisation and affinities of Balanoglossus.
	.02)	Retrogressive metamorphosis in Urochordata.
	.03)	Feeding mechanism in Amphioxus.
13)	Pisces :
	.01)	Migration in fishes.
	.02)	Respiratory organs and mechanism of respiration in fishes.
	.03)	Receptor and effector organs in fishes.
14)	Amphibia :
	.01)	Origin of Amphibia.
	.02)	Parental care in Amphibia.
	.03)	Anatomical pecularities and affinities of Urodela, Apoda and Anura.
	.04)	Neoteny.
	.05)	Morphological and physiological aspects of Metamorphosis in frog.
	.06)	Hibernation and Aestivation in amphibians.
15)	Reptilia :
	.01)	Adaptive radiation in reptiles, Mesozoic reptiles, general characters and affinities ofSphenedon.
	.02)	Significance of temporal vacuities in classification of reptiles.
	.03)	Non-poisonous and poisonous snakes of India.
	.04)	General characters, aquatic adaptations and conservation of Chelonia.
16)	Aves :
	.01)	Origin of birds.
	.02)	Flightless birds of world.
	.03)	Palate in birds.
	.04)	Bird migration.
	.05)	Flight adaptations in birds.
	.06)	Orientation and homing in birds.
17)	Mammals :
	.01)	Dentition in mammals.
	.02)	Integument and its derivatives in mammals.
	.03)	General characters of Prototheria, Metatheria and Eutheria.
	.04)	General Evolution of horse and man.
	.05)	Comparative account of aortic arches, urinogenital system, heart and brain in various groups of Chordata.
Section - C ( Marks : 50 )
Physiology
18)	Osmoregulation & Thermoregulation :
	.01)	Osmoregulation in freshwater and marine fishes.
	.02)	Osmoregulation in terrestrial animals.
	.03)	Poikilothermy and homeothermy.
19)	Physiology of digestion.
20)	Physiology of respiration, respiratory pigments.
21)	Cardiac cycle, pace maker and blood composition and functions.
22)	Physiology of excretion.
23)	Eye and its working.
24)	Ear and its working.
25)	Structure and functions of following Endocrine glands :
	.01)	Hypothalamus.
	.02)	Pituitary gland.
	.03)	Thyroid.
	.04)	Parathyroid.
	.05)	Islets of Langerhans.
	.06)	Adrenal.
	.07)	Pineal.
26)	Chemical nature, source and mode of action of aminergic, petidergic and steroidal hormones.
27)	Hormonal control of reproduction in male and female mammals.
28)	Mechanism of impulse conduction and synaptic transmission, Neurotransmitters.
29)	Physiology of muscle contraction.
Section - D ( Marks : 50 )
Environmental Science
30)	Role of abiotic factors (temperature and light) on animal life.
31)	Impact of inter and intraspecific biotic factors.
32)	Types of ecosystems.
33)	Energy flow and food chain at trophic levels.
34)	Biogeochemical cycles.
35)	.01)	Biosphere
	.02)	Impact of ozone layer
	.03)	Greenhouse Effect.
36)	Methods and importance of water conservation, water quality standards and interlinking of rivers in India.
37)	Adaptations :
	.01)	in freshwater animals.
	.02)	in desert animals.
	.03)	in marine animals.
	.04)	in terrestrial animals.
38)	Pollution :
	.01)	Air pollution.
	.02)	Water pollution.
	.03)	Land pollution.
	.04)	Biodegradation, biotransformation and biomagnification of pollutants.
	.05)	Trace metals as pollutants.
	.06)	Municipal solid waste disposal.
	.07)	Pesticides as pollutants and their toxic effects on plants, animals and soil.
39)	Wild Life :
	.01)	Present status of wild life in India.
	.02)	Sanctuaries and National Parks in Maharashtra.
	.03)	Project Tiger and conservation of tigers.
	.04)	Red Data Book, Endangered and Biome Restricted Species.
40)	Ethology :
	.01)	Diurnal and seasonal rhythms.
	.02)	Biological clock.
	.03)	Impact of hormones and pheromones on behaviour.
	.04)	Modes of communication in animals.
	.05)	Physiology of learning in animals.
	.06)	Mimicry and coloration.

Paper - II

Standard :  Degree	Total Marks : 200
Nature of Paper : Conventional Type	Duration : 3 Hours

Note:	1)	Answers to this paper must be written in English only.
	2)	This paper will test the candidate’s ability to comprehend, to analyse, to interpret, to criticise and to appraise subject matter related to the topics/sub topics mentioned below.
	3)	It is expected from candidates to study the latest and recent developments and happenings pertaining to the topics/sub topics mentioned below.

Section - A ( Marks : 50 )
Cell Biology
1)	Structure and functions of cell organelles :
	.01)	Plasma membrane.
	.02)	Mitochondria.
	.03)	Golgibodies.
	.04)	Endoplasmic reticulum.
	.05)	Ribosomes.
	.06)	Nucleus.
	.07)	Cytoskeleton.
2)	Cell division :
	.01)	Mitosis.
	.02)	Meiosis.
	.03)	Cell cycle events at molecular level.
	.04)	Apoptosis.
3)	Chromosome - structure and function, Lampbrush and Polytene chromosomes.
4)	DNA structure and function :
	.01)	Watson - Crick model of DNA .
	.02)	Replication of DNA in Eukaryotes and Prokaryotes.
	.03)	Types of DNA and RNA .
	.04)	Mitochondrial DNA .
5)	Genetic code.
6)	Gene transcription and translation.
Section - B ( Marks : 50 )
Genetics and Molecular Biology
7)	Genetics :
	.01)	Mendel’s Laws of inheritance.
	.02)	Crossing over, linkage, multiple alleles.
	.03)	Polyploidy.
	.04)	Mutations (gene and chromosomal).
	.05)	Genetic significance of blood groups.
	.06)	Genetic disorders in man, syndromes.
8)	Molecular Biology and Biotechnology :
	.01)	Eugenics.
	.02)	Cloning techniques, cloning vectors.
	.03)	Cell line preparation.
	.04)	Types and application of stem cells.
	.05)	Haemopoietic system.
	.06)	Applications of cloning technology in medical and veterinary sciences.
	.07)	Human Genome.
	.08)	DNA finger printing.
	.09)	Transgenic animals.
	.10)	PCR, Southern and Western blotting, SDS-PAGE.
9)	Bioinformatics :
	.01)	Introduction to Bioinformatics.
	.02)	Bioinformatics tools/ Softwares.
	.03)	Protein sequence databases.
	.04)	Genome databases.
	.05)	Phylogenetic analysis.
	.06)	Bioinformatics and Pharmaceutical industry.
	.07)	National Centre for Biological Information.
Section - C ( Marks : 50 )
Biochemistry and Immunology
10)	Biochemistry :
	.01)	Structure of carbohydrates, lipids, amino acids, proteins, saturated and unsaturated fatty acids, cholesterol and steroids.
	.02)	Energy reactions - Glycolysis, Krebs’ cycle, Electron transfer chain, Oxidative phosphorylation.
	.03)	Nature of enzymes, Mechanism of enzyme reactions.
	.04)	Vitamins :  types, sources and functions.
11)	Immunology :
	.01)	Immunoglobulins and Immunity, antigenic and antibody vaccines, DNA vaccines and edible vaccines.
	.02)	Monoclonal antibodies.
	.03)	Cellular and humoral immune reactions.
	.04)	Innate and Adaptive immunity.
	.05)	AIDS, causes and remedies.
	.06)	ELISA.
Section -D ( Marks : 50 )
Developmental Biology
12)	Gamete Biology :
	.01)	Mechanism of spermatogenesis, oogenesis, vitellogenesis and egg membrane formation.
	.02)	Molecular mechanism of Fertilization, acrosome reaction and sperm penetration, In-vitro fertilization, sperm preservation.
	.03)	Parthenogenesis - causes, mechanism and significance.
	.04)	Types of eggs.
13)	Embryology :
	.01)	Types of cleavages.
	.02)	Types and mechanism of gastrulation.
	.03)	Foetal Membranes and their functions.
	.04)	Formation, types and functions of Placenta.
	.05)	Organizer concept and embryonic induction .
	.06)	Mechanism of regeneration.
14)	IVF :
	.01)	Embryo transfer techniques, GIFT, Test tube baby.
	.02)	Male and female contraceptives and population control.
	.03)	Immunocontraception.
15)	Development :
	.01)	Organogenesis of nervous system, eye, heart and kidney in frog.
	.02)	Teratogenesis in man.
	.03)	Aging in man.
16)	Economic Zoology :
	.01)	Vermiculture.
	.02)	Prawn Culture.
	.03)	Sericulture.
	.04)	Apiculture.
	.05)	Lac culture.
	.06)	Pearl culture.
	.07)	Fish culture (Freshwater and marine).
	.08)	Poultry.